Cellular respiration overview1/14/2024 ![]() Repeat the experiment at least three times and calculate a mean. You then calculate the volume of oxygen taken in by the woodlice per minute. You then record the distance moved by the liquid in the manometer in a given time, using the calibrated scale and a stopwatch. This will allow for the potassium hydroxide to absorb all of the carbon dioxide in the test tubes. Once the apparatus has been set up, it is left for a certain period of time (e.g. It is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons and. In each test tube you need to add the same volume of potassium hydroxide solution which absorbs carbon dioxide - this ensures that the movement of the liquid is only affected by the decreasing levels of oxygen. Cellular respiration releases the potential energy stored in glucose. the glass beads should be the same mass as the woodlice. The control tube should be as similar as possible to the test tube e.g. The purpose of the control tube is to ensure that only respiration is causing the movement of liquid in the manometer. The test tube on the right is a control test tube, containing a non-respiring substance, such as glass beads. The manometer contains a coloured liquid which will move closer towards the respiring test tube as oxygen is consumed. You would set up the respirometer as shown in the diagram, with respiring organisms (such as woodlice) in one test tube connected to another test tube by a manometer. Oxygen combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water, one of the products of aerobic respiration. Once the electrons reach the end of the electron transport chain, they are passed onto oxygen, which is referred to as the ‘final electron acceptor’. The process by which the movement of hydrogen ions produces ATP is called chemiosmosis. Hydrogen ions then flow back into the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase which uses the movement of hydrogen ions (the proton motive force) to add a phosphate group onto ADP to form ATP. Likewise, biological machines also require well-engineered parts and a good energy source to work. Hydrogen ions accumulate in the intermembrane space and this generates a proton gradient (sometimes referred to as an electrochemical gradient) across the membrane. Cellular Respiration Equation: Every machine needs specific parts and fuel to function. This energy is used by the carriers to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane. As they travel between the electron carriers, they lose energy. The electrons are passed onto electron carriers which are embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane and travel along a series of electron carriers known as the electron transport chain. The coenzymes reduced NAD and reduced FAD release hydrogen atoms which split into hydrogen ions and electrons. It takes place across the inner mitochondrial membrane and involves two processes - the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. Cellular respiration refers to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, but is often synonymous with aerobic respiration. It uses the electrons that are being carried by reduced NAD and reduced FAD that have been generated in the first three stages. Oxidative phosphorylation is the last stage of aerobic respiration and it is the part where most of the ATP is made.
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